PREPARATION and SPECIFICATION

Appearance White amorphous powder, lyophilized
Activity GradeⅡ 100 U/mg-solid or more
Contaminants NADH oxidase ≤1.0×10-2%

PROPERTIES

Stability Stable at −20℃ for at least one year(Fig.1)
Molecular weight approx. 260,000
Isoelectric point 5.6
Michaelis constants 9.21×10-3M (NH3), 4.80×10-3M(α-Ketoglutarate) 7.8×10-5M (L-Glutamate), 1.29×10-4M(NADH), 5.89×10-4M(NAD)
Structure 6 subunits per enzyme molecule
Inhibitors Heavy metals, PCMB, IAA
Optimum pH 7.5−8.0 (α-KG→L-Glu) 9.0 (L-Glu→α-KG)(Fig.2)
Optimum temperature 55℃ (α-KG→L-Glu) 50℃ (L-Glu→α-KG)(Fig.3)
pH Stability pH 5.0−10.0 (25℃, 20hr)(Fig.4)
Thermal stability below 50℃ (pH 8.3, 10min)(Fig.5)
Substrate specificity (Table 1)
Effect of various chemicals (Table 2)

APPLICATIONS

This enzyme is useful for enzymatic determination of NH3, α-ketoglutaric acid and L-glutamic acid, and for assay of leucine aminopeptidase and urease. This enzyme is also used for enzymatic determination of urea when coupled with urease (URH-201) in clinical analysis.

ASSAY

Principle

The disappearance of NADH is measured at 340nm by spectrophotometry.

Unit definition

One unit causes the oxidation of one micromole of NADH per minute under the conditions described below.

Method

Reagents

A. Buffer solution 0.1M Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.3
B. NH4Cl solution 3.3M
C. α-Ketoglutarate solution 0.225M (adjust the pH to 7.0−9.0 with NaOH)(Should be phepared fresh)
D. NADH solution 7.5mM (Should be prepared fresh)
E. Enzyme diluent 0.1M Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.3

Procedure

1. Prepare the following reaction mixture in a cuvette (d=1.0cm) and equilibrate at 30℃ for about 5 minutes.

2.5ml Buffer solution (A)
0.2ml NH4Cl solution (B)
0.1ml α-Ketoglutarate solution (C)
0.1ml NADH solution (D)
Concentration in assay mixture
Tris-HCl buffer 86 mM
α-Ketoglutarate 7.6 mM
NH4Cl 0.22 M
NADH 0.25mM

2. Add 0.05ml of the enzyme solution* and mix by gentle inversion.

3. Record the decrease in optical density at 340nm against water for 2 to 3 minutes in a spectrophotometer thermostated at 30℃, and calculate the ΔOD per minute from the initial linear portion of the curve (ΔOD test).

At the same time, measure the blank rate (ΔOD blank) by using the same method as the test except that the enzyme diluent (E) is added instead of the enzyme solution.

*Dissolve the enzyme preparation to 0.1−0.8U/ml with ice-cold diluent (E), immediately before assay.

Calculation

Activity can be calculated by using the following formula :

  • Volume activity (U/ml) =

  • ΔOD/min (ΔOD test−ΔOD blank)×Vt×df


    6.22×1.0×Vs

  • = ΔOD/min×9.486×df

Weight activity (U/mg) = (U/ml)×1/C

Vt : Total volume (2.95ml)
Vs : Sample volume (0.05ml)
6.22 : Millimolar extinction coefficient of NADH at 340nm (cm2/micromole)
1.0 : Light path length (cm)
df : Dilution factor
C : Enzyme concentration in dissolution (c mg/ml)

Table 1. Substrate Specificity of Glutamate dehydrogenase

  • Substrate (2mM) Relative activity(%)
    L-Glutamate 100
    L-Norvaline 0.35
    L-α-Aminobutyrate 0.16
    L-Norleucine 0
    D,L-Homocysteine 0.06
    L-Isoleucine 0.09
  • Substrate (2mM) Relative activity(%)
    L-Glutamine 0.05
    L-Aspartate 0.07
    L-Asparagine 0.11
    L-Valine 0.09
    L-Leucine 0.03
    L-Alanine 0.07
    L-Methionine 0.06

Glutamate dehydrogenase : 0.3U/ml of 0.1M Tris-HCl buffer, pH 9.0 NAD+:12mM

Table 2. Effect of Various Chemicals on Glutamate dehydrogenase

[The enzyme dissolved in 0.1M Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.3 was incubated with each chemical at 25℃ for 1hr.]

  • Chemical Concn.(mM) Residual
    activity(%)
    None - 100
    Metal salt 2.0
    MgCl2 97
    CaCl2 99
    Ba(OAc)2 101
    FeCl3 1.8
    CoCl2 97
    MnCl2 78
    ZnSO4 6.9
    Cd(OAc)2 58
    NiCl2 100
    CuSO4 0.3
    Pb(OAc)2 0.01
    AgNO3 1.6
    HgCl2 0
    PCMB 2.0 0.6
    MIA 2.0 98
  • Chemical Concn.(mM) Residual
    activity(%)
    NaF 2.0 100
    NaN3 20 102
    EDTA 5.0 102
    o-Phenanthroline 2.0 101
    α,α′-Dipyridyl 2.0 102
    Borate 102
    IAA 2.0 0.2
    NEM 2.0 96
    Hydroxylamine 2.0 100
    Triton X-100 0.10% 102
    Brij 35 0.10% 103
    Tween 20 0.10% 101
    Span 20 0.10% 107
    Na-cholate 0.10% 103
    SDS 0.05% 0.1
    DAC 0.05% 0.2

Ac, CH3CO; PCMB, p-Chloromercuribenzoate; MIA, Monoiodoacetate; NEM, N-Ethylmaleimide; IAA, Iodoacetamide; EDTA, Ethylenediaminetetraacetate; SDS, Sodium dodecyl sulfate; DAC, Dimethylbenzylalkylammonium chloride

  • Fig.1. Stability (Powder form)

    Fig.1. Stability (Powder form)

    (kept under dry conditions)

  • Fig.2. pH-Activity

    Fig.2. pH-Activity

    ○̶○,α-KG →L-Glu;●̶●L-Glu →α-KG in 0.1M buffer solution:pH5.7-7.6 K-phosphate,pH7.8-9.0,Tris-HCI; pH9.4-10.3, glycine-NaOH

  • Fig.3. Temperature activity

    Fig.3. Temperature activity

    ○̶○,α-KG →L-Glu;0.1M Tris-HCI buffer pH8.3;●̶●,L-Glu →α-KG:0.1M Tris-HCI buffer,pH9.0

  • Fig.4. pH-Stability

    Fig.4. pH-Stability

    25℃, 20hr-treatment with 0.1M buffer solution: ○̶○,acetate;●̶●,K-phosphate,△̶△Tris-HCI;▲̶▲glycine-NaOH

  • Fig.5. Thermal stability

    Fig.5. Thermal stability

    10min-treatment with 0.1M Tris-HCI buffer, pH8.3

活性測定法(Japanese)

1. 原理

NADHの消失量を340nmの吸光度の変化で測定する。

2.定義

下記条件下で1分間に1マイクロモルのNADHが酸化される酵素量を1単位(U)とする。

3.試薬

  • 0.1M Tris-HCl緩衝液, pH8.3
  • 3.3M NH4Cl水溶液
  • 0.225M α-ケトグルタル酸水溶液(NaOHでpHを7.0〜9.0に調整)(用時調製)
  • 7.5mM NADH水溶液(用時調製)

酵素溶液:分析直前に酵素標品を予め氷冷した0.1M Tris-HCl緩衝液,pH8.3で0.1~0.8U/㎖に希釈する。

4.手順

1.下記反応混液をキュベット(d=1.0cm)に調製し,30℃で約5分間予備加温する。

2.5ml Tris-HCl緩衝液 (A)
0.2ml NH4Cl水溶液 (B)
0.1ml α-ケトグルタル酸水溶液 (C)
0.1ml NADH水溶液 (D)

2.酵素溶液を0.05㎖を添加し,ゆるやかに混和後,水を対照に30℃に制御された分光光度計で340nmの吸光度変化を2~3分間記録し,その初期直線部分から1分間当りの吸光度変化を求める(ΔODtest)。

3.盲検は反応混液①に酵素溶液の代りに酵素希釈液(0.1M Tris-HCl緩衝液,pH8.3)を加え,上記同様に操作を行って,1分間当りの吸光度変化を求める(ΔODblank)。

5.計算式

  • U/ml =

  • ΔOD/min (ΔOD test−ΔOD blank)×2.95(ml)×希釈倍率


    6.22×1.0×0.05(ml)

= ΔOD/min×9.486×希釈倍率
U/mg = U/ml×1/C
6.22 : NADHのミリモル分子吸光係数(cm2/micromole)
1.0 : 光路長(cm)
C : 溶解時の酵素濃度(c mg/ml)